KINGS AND THEIR TITLES

KINGS                     -         TITLES

Vardhamana              -       kevalun , mahaveer.

Gouthama buddha       -     light of the world , asian light.

Ashoka                      -     devanam priya  , priyadarshi.

Senguttavan              -       yerra chera.

Kanishk                    -       devaputhra , seizer  ,ashoka - II .

Chandragupt - I          -  maha rajadhi raja .

Samudra gupt           -     indian napoleon ,kavi raja.

Chandra gupta - II     -    vikramadithya  , shakari , sahasanka .

Harsha                      -     shiladithya, sakalottara padeswara.

Mahendra varma- I    -    vichithra chitta ,chithrakara puli.


Narasimha varma - I  - vaathapi konda , maha malla.


Pulakesi - II  - parameswara.


Raja raja choludu   -  jayamgonda  , chola marthanda .


Rajendra choludu   - gangaikonda.


Gouthami putra shathakarni   - yeka brahmana ,agama nilaya , thrisamudra thoya peethavahana.


Kuthbuddin aibak    -  lak baksh.


Allauddin khilzi  -   sikinder .


Shersha    - sharekhan  , nyaya simhudu.


Akbar  - jagadeeswara  , delhi swaroopa.


Auranga jeb  - alangir.


Shivaji   -   chathrapathi .


Sri krishna devarayalu  -  andhra bhojudu.

ANCIENT BOOKS AND AUTHORS

BOOKS              -             AUTHORS 

Ashtadhyayi ,patanjali       -   panini.

Artha shasthra                  -    koutilya.

Indica                               -   megasthanese.

Mudra rakshasam             -   vishakha datta .

Maha bhashyam                -    patanjali.

Kumarasambhavam , Raghuvamsham   -   kalidasu.

Harsha charithra , kadambari    -   banudu.

Raja tharangini                   - kalhanudu.

Vikramanka deva charitra  -  bilhanaudu.

Brihathkatha                      - gunadyudu.

Charaka samhitha             - charakudu.

Sushrutha samhitha           - sushruthudu.

Pancha thanthra               -   vishnu sharma.

Gadha saptha shathi         -   haludu.

Suhrullekha , Rasa rathnavali , Arogya manjari , Madhyamika suthra  -  acharya nagarjuna.

Amara kosh                     -  amara simhudu.

Kathanthra vyakarana      -  sharva varma.

Neethi shasthra               -   kamandakudu .

Buddha charitham ,soundaryanandam   -   ashwa ghoshudu.

Arya bhatteeyam , Surya siddhanth      -    arya bhatta.

Bruhath samhitha , Pancha siddhanthika   -   varaha mihirudu.

Swapna vasava datta          -    bhanudu .

Matta vilasa prahasanam      -   mahendra varma .

Kiratharjuneeyam                -    bharavi.

Vikramarjuna vijayam          -    pampa.

Kithab ul hind                      -     al beruni.

Tholka peeyam                    -     tholka peeyar.

Shilappadhikaram                 -     ilango adingal.

Mani mekhalai                      -     sittalai sattanar .

jivaka chintamani                  -     thiruthakka devara.

Surya shathak                       -     mayurudu.

Ganitha sara sangraha           -     pavuluri mallana.

Sahasa bheema vijayam  or gada yuddham   -  ranna.

Shantha puranam  ,bhuvanaika ramabhyudayam     -    ponna.

Chambobu                              -    naga varma.

Si - yu - ki                              -    hiuen tsang.

Amuktha malyada  or vishnu chitteeyam   -  srikrishna devaraya.

Radha krishna rasa kreeda        -  suradas.

Ram charitha manas                 -   thulasi das.

DYNASTIES AND THEIR FOUNDERS

DYNASTY      -     FOUNDER

Mourya             -   chandragupta mourya.

Shathavahana      -  srimukha.

Pracheena chola ( ancient chola  )  - yelara.

Kushana            -    vimarkad pysis - I .

Gupt                   -  sri gupta.

Pushyabhoothi    -   prabhakara vardhana.

Kanva                -   Vasudeva.

Shunga               -   Pushyamitra shung.

Pallava               -  veerakoorchaverma.

Badami chalukya  -  jayasimha vallabha.

Rashtrakoot        -   danthi durg.

Chola                  -   vijayalaya.

Thoorpu( east )  chalukya  -  kubjavishnuvardhana.

Yadava               -   billama.

Kakathiya           -   prola king - I.

Delhi sultanate      -  kuthbuddin aibak.

Khilji                   -  jalaluddin khilji.

Thuglak               -  ghiyasuddin thuglak.

Sayyad                -  khijar khan sayyad.

Moghals              -  babar .

Vijayanagara       -  harihara raya, bukkaraya.

Bahmani              -   allavuddin hasan bahaman sha.

Maharashtra        -  shivaji.

Hyderabad          -  nijam ul mulk.

British                  -  robert clive.

RULERS AND THEIR INSCRIPTIONS

Samudra gupta   -   allahabad inscription.

Devi  naganika    -  nanaghat  inscription.

Gouthami balasree   -   nasik inscription.

Kharavela      -    hathigumpha inscription.

Pulakesi - II    -   ihole inscription.

DYNASTIES AND THEIR CAPITALS.

Magadha vamsh - Rajgriha or girivajra puram ( first capital ) , patali puthram ( second capital ).

Haryanka vamsh ( ajatha shathruvu ) - Rajgriha ( first capital ) , patali puthra ( second capital ).

Shaishunaga vamsh - Vaishali ( first capital ) , patali puthra ( second capital )

Nanda vamsh - patali puthra.

Maurya ( ashoka ) - patali puthra.

Shathavahana - prathishtanapuram or paitan ( first capital ) , dhanyakatakam ( second capital )

Chera vamsh - vanji or karur.

Chola vamsh - chola puram.

Pandya vamsh - madhurai.

Kushana ( kanishka )  - purushapuram.

Gupta vamsh( samudra gupta )   -  pataliputra ( first ) , vujjaini ( second ).

Pushyabhoothi vamsh ( harsha ) - sthaneswaram ( first ) , kanoj ( second ).

Pallava  - kanchipuram.

Badami chalukya   -  badami   or vathapi.

Vengi chalukya    -    vengi  .

Kalyani chalukya - kalyani.

Yadava - devagiri.

Kakathiya vamsh - orugallu.

Hoyasala vamsh - dvara samudram.

Delhi sultan - delhi.

Vijayanagar samrajya - hampi.

Bahamani vamsh - gulbarga.

Moghals ( akbar period ) - delhi , fathepur sikri.

British period - kolkatha ( till 1911 ) , delhi.

VEDA - VUPA VEDA - VEDANGA - EPICS

VEDAS - 

1 . RUGVEDAM ( ANCIENT VEDA ).

2 . YAJURVEDAM.

3 . SAMA VEDAM.

4 . ATHARVANA VEDAM.


VUPA VEDAS - 

1 . DHANURVEDAM

2 . GANDHARVA VEDAM .

3 . SHILPA VEDAM.

4 . AYURVEDAM.

VEDANGAS - 

1 . SHIKSHA  2 . KALPAM.  3  . VYAKARANAM .  4 .NIRUKTHAM.  5. CHANDASSU.

6 .JYOTHISHYAM.


EPICS -

1 . MAHA BHARATHAM . 2 . RAMAYANAM.

POLITY - CHECKS AND BALANCES , COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY

CHECKS AND BALANCES   -    It is the system by which powers of different organs of the government are kept with in their defined jurisdiction .In case any organisation of the government tries to become ambitious and encroaches upon the jurisdiction of the other organisation,it is immediately checked by that organisation.This is how the three organs of government keep a constant check on each other and maintain coordination and balance in the proper functioning of the government.


COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY   -  It is an important feature of parliamentary form of government. For any decision or action of the cabinet all ministers are jointly responsible. If their actions are not approved by the parliament ,the whole council of ministers has to resign. This is based on the principle that they are collectively responsible to the parliament for all their acts of omissions and commissions.

CATEGORIES OF ASHOKA'S INSCRIPTIONS.

BHABRU                                       -      CONVERSION TO BUDDHISM.

BARABAR                                    -     ENJOINS   TOLERATION.


TARAI PILLARS                         -     ASHOKA'S RESPECT FOR BUDDHISM.


14 ROCKS EDICTS                     -     ADMINISTRATION   AND ETHICS.


MINOR   ROCK EDICTS          -     PERSONAL HISTORY  OF ASHOKA  AND SUMMERY OF
                                                              DHAMMA .


7 PILLAR ROCK INDICTS       -    APPENDIX TO ROCK  EDICTS.


4 MINOR  PILLAR  EDICTS        -    NOTHING VALUABLE.

ORIGINAL HOMES OF THE ARYAN ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT SCHOLARS

PROF.MAX MULLER                    -    CENTRAL ASIA.


DAYANANDA SARASWATHI      -    TIBET.


B.G.TILAK                                       -     ARCTIC REGION .


DR.A.C.DAS                                    -     SAPTHA-SINDHU REGION.


PROF. PENKA                                -     GERMAN PLAINS.

HARAPPAN EXCAVATIONS AND EXCAVATORS

HARAPPA                      -     1921 BY DAYARAM SAHNI.


MOHENJO DARO       -    1922 BY R.D.BANNERJEE ,LATER BY M.S. VATS AND K.N.DIKSHIT.


CHANHU DARO          -     NORMAN BROWN.


NAL                                -      HARGREAVES .


SUKTAGENDOR ,
PERIANO ,GHUNDEI, 
KULLI                             -         SIR  AUREL STEIN .

KOT DIJI                        -      GHUREY.


ROPAR                           -      Y.D.SHARMA.


BANWALI                      -      R.S.BIST .

LOTHAL                         -      S.R.RAO .

RANGPUR                      -     M.S. VATS .

AMRI                               -     N.G.MAJUMDAR , LATER JEAN CASAL.

POLITY - CENSURE MOTION , ELECTORAL COLLEGE .

CENSURE MOTION  - It refers to that particular motion in the parliament which is usually moved by the leader of members of the opposition to discredit or disapprove the policies of the governament. The adoption of the motion may result in the resignation of the government.


ELECTORAL COLLEGE - A body of electorates ,especially constituted for the purpose of particular election. For example , elected members of both houses of parliament  and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the state constitute electoral college for the choice of President of India.

MAIN WATER FALLS IN THE WORLD

ANGELS WATERFALLS    - 979 M  -   VENEZUELA

TUGELA WATERFALLS    -  948 M -   SOUTH AFRICA


YOSEMITE WATERFALLS   - 739 M -   CALIFORNIA


KUKENAM OR CUQUENAN WATERFALLS   -  610 M   -  VENEZUELA


TAKAKKAW WATERFALLS      -      384 M   - BRITISH COLUMBIA


VETTISFOSSEN WATERFALLS     -   275 M   - NORWAY


KING EDWARD VIII  FALLS       -     260 M   -  GUYANA


GERSOPPA  WATERFALLS       -       253 M     - INDIA


KAIETEUR   WATERFALLS       -       251 M     -   GUYANA

CHANGED NAMES OF THE INDIAN CITIES

OLD NAME      -      NEW NAME

MYSORE          -      MYSURU

BANGALORE   -     BENGALURU

MANGALORE   -   MANGALURU

HUBLI                -   HUBBALLI

SHIMOGA         -    SHIVAMOGGA

BELGAUM        -     BELAGAAVI

HOSPET            -     HOSAPETE

VEDAS AND THEIR BRAHMANAS

RIG VEDA -   aithareya brahmana and kaushitaki brahmana.

SAMA VEDA  -  tandya brahmana and jaiminiya brahmana.

YAJUR VEDA  -  tattiriya brahmana and satpatha brahmana .

ATHARVA VEDA  -  gopatha brahmana.

DEMIGODS DURING EARLY VEDIC AGE

MARUTS  -   Storm spirit.


RIBHUS    -   Gnomes who worked in metals.


GANDHARVAS  -  Divine musicians.


APSARASAS    -   Mistress of god.


VISHVADEVAS   -   Indeterminate deities.


FEMALE DEITY   -   ADITI : Goddess of eternity.

USHA   - Goddess of the dawn .

PRITHVI    -  Earth goddess.

SARASWATI   -  The river deity.


SOLAR GODS   -   surya , savitri, pushan  are important solar gods.

ARANYANI    -     Goddess of forest.

RIVERS MENTIONED IN RIG VEDA

OLD NAME       -       NEW NAME
---------------             ----------------

GOMATI           -      GOMAL

KRUMI             -       KURRAM

KUBHA            -       KABUL

SUVASTU        -       SWAT

SINDHU           -       INDUS

SARASWATI    -      GHAGHAR  OR CHITANG


SATUDRI          -       SATLUJ

VIPASA            -       BEAS

PURUSHNI      -        RAVI

ASKINI            -         CHENAB

VITASTA         -         JHELAM


JAMUNA         -         YAMUNA

GANGA           -         GANGA

IMPORTANT COURT POETS AND THEIR PATRONS

RAVI KIRTI -  PULAKESI - II

BHAVABHUTI -  YASHOVARMAN OF KANNAUJ ( 720 A.D. )


VAKAPATI -  YASOVARMAN.

HARISENA -  SAMUDRA GUPTHA.

DANDIN -  NARSIMHAVARMAN

BHARAVI -  SIMHAVISHNU

BANABHATTU -  HARSHAVARDHANA

RAJSHEKHARA -  MAHIPALA


SAMDEVA -  PRITHVIRAJ - II

KALIDASU -  CHANDRA GUPTHA - II

AMARSIMHA -  CHANDRA GUPTHA - II

CHAND BARDAI -  PRITHVIRAJ CHAUHAN

GUNDHYAY -  SHATHAVAHAN KING HALA


MAHAVIRACHARYA -  AMOGHVARSHA


AMIR KHUSRO -  ALLAUDDIN KHILJI.

MIR HASSAN DEHLVI -  ALLAUDDIN KHILJI.

KAMBA -  CHOLA KING.

INDIAN BORDER WITH OTHER COUNTRIES

4096 KM -  WITH BANGLADESH

3917 KM - WITH CHINA

80 KM - WITH AFGHANISTHAN 

3310 KM - WITH PAKISTHAN.

1752 KM - WITH NEPAL.

587 KM - WITH BHUTAN.

1458 KM - WITH MYANMAR .

NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS OF INDIA

1 . 1913 - RABINDRA NATH TAGORE ( LITERATURE )

2 . 1930 - SIR CHANDRASHEKHARA VENKATARAMAN ( PHYSICS )

3 . 1968 - HARAGOBIND KHORANA ( MEDICINE )

4 . 1979 - MOTHER THERESA ( PEACE PRIZE  )

5 . 1983 - SUBRAMANIAN CHANDRASHEKHAR  ( PHYSICS )

6 . 1999 - AMARTHYASEN ( ECONOMICS ) ( FIRST ASIAN TO RECIEVE THIS AWARD IN ECONOMICS )

7 . 2001 - V.S.NAIPAL. ( LITERATURE )

8 .2009 - VENKATRAMAN RAMAKRISHNAN ( CHEMISTRY )

LADY OF LAMP - FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

LADY OF LAMP - FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE.


IRON DUKE - DUKE OF WELLINGTON.

KING MAKER - RICHARD NEVILLE ,16 NTH  EARL  OF WARWICK .


LITTLE CORPORAL  OR PETIT CAPORAL  OR MAN OF DESTINY - NAPOLEON .


MADAM QUEEN - ELIZABETH QUEEN - I


YANKEE - PEOPLE FROM THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.


MAN OF BLOOD AND IRON - OTTO VON BISMARCK ( GERMANY )


DESERT FOX - GENERAL ROMMEL  (GERMANY ).

SPARROW - RAJINDER SINGH.

NATIONS OFFICIAL REPORTS

BLUE BOOK - OFFICIAL REPORT OF BRITAIN. GOVERNMENT.


YELLOW BOOK - OFFICIAL REPORT OF FRANCE GOVERNMENT.


WHITE BOOK - OFFICIAL REPORT OF CHINA AND PORTUGAL.


WHITE PAPER ( SHWETHA PATHRAM )  - OFFICIAL REPORT OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES,SCHEMES. FIRST INTRODUCED BY BRITISH PARLIAMENT .


GREY BOOK - OFFICIAL REPORT OF JAPAN.


GREEN BOOK - OFFICIAL REPORT OF ITALY,IRAN.

GEOGRAPHY - OCEANS - MAIN ISLANDS

1 . PACIFIC OCEAN - JAPAN,THAIWAN ,HONGKONG , HAWAI, FIJI, SALMON ,NEWZILAND ,MACAU ,PHILIPPINES.


2 . ATLANTIC OCEAN - BRITAIN , IRELAND , CYPRUS, MALTA, NEWFOUNDLAND, SICILY, CORSICA, SARDINIA, FALKLANDS, WEST INDIES .


3 . HINDU OCEAN - SRI LANKA, ANDAMANS ,MALDIVES ,MAURITIUS ,MADAGASCAR .


4 . ARCTIC OCEAN - VICTORIA, BAFFIN ,ELLESMERE .

GPRS - GENERAL PACKET RADIO SERVICE

GPRS - GENERAL PACKET RADIO SERVICE.

WAP  - WIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOL.

GSM - GLOBAL SYSTEMS FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS.

CDMA - CODED DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS.

W-CDMA - WIDEBAND CDMA

TDMA - TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS.

GPS    -  GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM.

NMT - NORDIC MOBILE TELEPHONE.

ME - MOBILE EQUIPMENT.

SIM - SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MOBILE.

MS - MOBILE STATION.

BSCs - BASE STATION CONTROLLERS.

BTSs - BASE TRANSCEIVER STATIONS.

LPC - LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING.

XCDR - TRANS CODER.

TRAU data - TRANS CODER RATE ADAPTION UNIT DATA

WLL - WIRELESS IN LOCAL LOOP.

MHz - MEGA HERTZ.

UMTS - UNIVERSAL MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM.

EDGE - ENHANCED DATA GSM ENVIRONMENT.

PSTN - PUBLICK SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK.

GMSK - GAUSSIAN MINIMUM SHIFT KEYING TECHNIQUE.

MSC - MOBILE SERVICES SWITCHING CENTRE.

WiMAX - WORLDWIDE INTEROPERABILITY MICROWAVE ACCESS

3G - THIRD GENERATION

VOIP - VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL.

ISP - INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER.

ISD - INTERNATIONAL SUBSCRIBER DIALLING.

STD - SUBSCRIBER TRUNK DIALLING.

DTH - DIRECT TO HOME.

DVBH - DIGITAL VIDEO BROADCAST HAND HELD.

EU - EUROPIAN UNION.

IPRS - INDIAN PERFORMING RIGHTS SOCIETY.

PPL - PHONOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE LIMITED.

EBITDA - EARNINGS BEFORE INTEREST ,TAXES,DEPRECIATION AND AMORTISATION.

VAS - VALUE ADDED SERVICES.

VAT - VALUE ADDED TAX.

SMS - SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE.

DTT - DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TRANSMISSION.

LG    -  LIFE IS GOOD

BPL  -   BRITISH  PHYSICAL  LABORATORIES.

GK POLITY - WRITS

PROHIBITION - This writ is issued by a higher court to a lower court prohibiting it from taking up a case because it falls outside the jurisdiction of the lower court. Thus the higher court transfers the case to itself.

CERTIORARI - It is one of the writs issued by the high court or the supreme court to protect the fundamental rights of the citizens.this particular writ is issued by the superior court to a lower court directing the later that the record of a case be sent up for review.

HABEAS CORPUS - The full title of the writ is habeas corpus and sujiciendum meaning ' give my body back '.The writ is regarded as one of the most important safeguards for the liberty of a person. It is available in all cases of wrongful deprivation of personal liberty or wrongful detention.


MANDAMUS - Mandamus is a latin word which means 'we command ' .It is an order or a writ of a court of law issued to subordinate court or an officer of government ,or a corporation or any other institution ,commanding the performance of certain acts.

QUO WARRANTO - It is a writ issued against a person who claims or usurps a public office. Through this writ the court inquires by what authority the person supports his claim.

DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA

IN PLANTS -

PADDY - BLIGHT.

CITRUS - CANKER .

CHILLI - LEAF SPOT DISEASE.

CABBAGE - BLACK ROT.

IN ANIMALS -

CATTLE - MASTITIS CHOLERA.

SHEEP - ANTHRAX, HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA.
ENTERITIS.

IN HUMANS - 

TYPHOID, DIPTHERIA,WHOOPING COUGH,TUBERCULOSIS,LEPROSY,TETANUS.

GK-SCIENCE- DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUSES

IN PLANTS -

COCONUT - ROOT WILT.

ORANGE - TRISTIZA,MOSAIC.

GROUND NUT - ROOT ROT.

CHILLI - LITTLE LEAF DISEASE.

IN ANIMALS -

CHICKEN - BIRD FLU

CATTLE - FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE ,MEASLES , RINDER PEST

SHEEP-BLUE TONGUE.

IN HUMANS -

SMALL POX, POLIO ,AIDS ,FLU FEVER, SWINE FLU, CHIKUN GUNYA,RUBELLA,MUMPS,CONJUNCTIVITIS.

MUSLIM REFORM MOVEMENTS

ALIGARH MOVEMENT - Sir sayyad ahmad khan was its mentor. He believed that socio-cultural uplift among Muslims could be attained by imbibing western scientific knowledge and culture. He set up the Mohammadan Anglo- Oriental College at Aligarh in 1875 which later grew into Aligarh Muslim University.He started Tahzibul Akhlaq in 1870.

DEOBAND MOVEMENT - Founded at Deoband in 1866 by maulana Hussain Ahmed which fought for improving the spiritual and moral conditions of the muslims.

AHRAR MOVEMENT - Founded in 1910 under the leadership of Maulana Muhammad Aliu ,hussain imam, mazar-ul-haq ,hakim ajmal khan and jafar ali khan for active participation of the muslims in the national movement.

AHMADIYA MOVEMENT - Founded by mirza ghulam ahmed of qadian in the gurdaspur dist of punjab.He claimed to be an incarnation of lord krishna.This movement did some creditable work in the field of women's reforms and spread of education.

INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT - NEWSPAPERS AND JOURNALS

The important newspapers and journals published during this period with militant philosophy were:

YUGANTAR ( 1906 ) - BY BARINDRA KUMAR GHOSH .

SANDHYA ( 1906 )- BY BRAHMOBANDHAV UPADHYAY.

KAL ( 1906 ) - IN MAHARASHTRA.

INDIAN SOCIALIST :   BY SHYAMJI KRISHNA VERMA.

VANDE MATARAM - BY MADAM CAMA .

KIRTI ( 1926 ) - BY SANTOSH SINGH IN PUNJAB.

KRANTI ( 1927 ) - BY S.S. MIRAJKAR,K.N.JOGLEKAR AND S.V.GHATE IN MAHARASHTRA.

PARSI AND SIKH REFORM MOVEMENTS

PARSI REFORM MOVEMENTS -

1 .REHNUMAI MAZDAYAN SABHA -

It was jointly founded by FURDONJI DADABHAI NAOROJI and S.S.BENGALEE. They advocated for the modernisation of parsi social customs with special emphasis on women's education.

2 . B.M.MALABARI -

He started a crusade against the child marriage and with his efforts THE AGE OF CONSENT ACT ( 1891 ) was promulgated ,which forbade the marriage of girl below the age of 12.

3 . K.R.CAMA -

He also played an important role in the reformation of parsi social system.

SIKH REFORM MOVEMENT 

AKALI MOVEMENT - It started in 1920 s to purify the corrupt practices prevailing in Gurudwaras. SHOROMANI GURUDWARA PRABANDHAK COMMITTEE founded in 1925 for this purpose.

HINDU SOCIAL REFORMERS

1 . ISHWAR CHANDRA VIDYASAGAR - 

In 1855 ,he raised his powerful voice in favour of widow remarriage.Thus ,in 1856 ,the british passed the widow remarriage act.The first lawful hindu remarriage was celebrated in calcutta on 7nth december,1856 under his supervision. He also protested against child marriage and polygamy.

2 . GOPAL HARI DESHMUKH - 

A champion of new learning and social reform in Maharashtra ,he became famous by his pen name LOKAHITAWADI.

3 . JYOTHIBA PHULE - 

Born in a lower caste, he carried on a campaign against upper caste domination and brahmanical supremacy. He started a girl school at poona and founded the satyasodhak samaj for the welfare of the depressed classes.He published his books ,GULAMGIRI ( 1872 ) and SARVAJANIK SATHYADHARMA PUSTHAK.

4 . GOPALA KRISHNA GOKHALE -

The most famous moderate nationalist leader and founder of the SERVENT OF INDIA SOCIETY in 1905 at mumbai.

5 . N.M. JOSHI - 

He founded the SOCIAL SERVICE LEAGUE in 1911 at mumbai with the aim of better condition for the masses.

6 . VIRESHALINGAM -

He founded the RAJAHMUNDRI SOCIAL REFORM ASSOCIATION in Andhra pradesh in 1878 to propagate widow remarriage.

GK - BITS

1 . Percentage of Indian coal mines in the world - 13%.

2 . Indian school of mines located at -  DHANBAD ,JHARKHAND.

3 . The country having highest number of airports in the world -   AMERICA ( 15,079 ).

4 . The second place  of highest airports in the world. -   Brazil ( 4072 ).

5 . The DENMARK people are called as -   danes.

6 . The UAE people are called as  -  Emirati.

7 . Number of teeth in female horse -   36 ,in male horse - 40 .

8 . VASELINE PETROLEUM JELLY INVENTED BY -   SIR ROBERT AUGUSTUS CHESEBROUGH.( 1837 - 1933 ).

9 . THE CITY OF THE DEAD   -   CAIRO NECROPOLIS .

10 . The bird that spins backward in flight   -   BIRMINGHAM ROLLER.

GK BITS

1 . who is called as ' INDIAN IT ARCHITECT  ' - FAKEER CHAND KOHLI.

2. FERA  ACT established in - 1973.

3 . first software project in india  -  inter branch reconciliation system ( RBI given to TCS ).

4 . First BPO services started in India by -  TCS

5. First software R & D centre established in India -   in 1981,at pune by TCS.

6 . First Indian software company that earned 1 billion dollars  .-  TCS in 2002.

7 . Founder of APPLE computers  -  STEVE JOBS.

8 . Chairman of HCL computers   -   SHIV NADAR.

9 . Chairman of ICICI foundation . -   S .MUKHARJEE.

10 . TUNNEL OF LOVE    -   kleven train route ,Ukrain.

BOOKS AND AUTHORS

1 . THE SPIRITUAL BASIS OF REAL PROSPERITY  -  DR.PETER PHUJAN.


2 . HOW GOD CHANGE YOUR BRAIN  -  ANDREW NEW BERG ,MARK ROBERT.


3 . GOD,FAITH AND HEALTH  -  JEEF LEVIN

4 . MATERIA MEDICA  - DR.KALLEN ( BRITAIN DR.)


5 . TELL TALE BRAIN  - V.S. RAMACHANDRAN.


6 . BRAIN THAT CHANGES ITSELF  - NORMAN DOIDGE


7 . THE TCS STORY AND BEYOND  - S.RAMA DORAI.


8 .DISCOVERY OF INDIA  - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU.


9 .GLIMPSES OF WORLD HISTORY  - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU.


10 . LETTERS FROM A FATHER TO HIS DAUGHTER  - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU.


11 . THE MONK WHO SOLD HIS FERRARI  - ROBIN S SHARMA.


12 . YOU CAN WIN  -  SHIV KHERA.


13 . HOW TO WIN FRIENDS AND INFLUENCE PEOPLE  -  DALE  CARNEGIE.


14 .THE SEVEN HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PEOPLE  -  STEPHEN COVEY.


15 . MY EXPERIMENTS WITH TRUTH  -  MAHATHMA GANDHI.